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The ''Mercure de France'' was originally a French gazette and literary magazine first published in the 17th century, but after several incarnations has evolved as a publisher, and is now part of the Éditions Gallimard publishing group. The gazette was published from 1672 to 1724 (with an interruption in 1674–77) under the title ''Mercure galant'' (sometimes spelled ''Mercure gallant'') (1672–74) and ''Nouveau Mercure galant'' (1677–1724). The title was changed to ''Mercure de France'' in 1724. The gazette was briefly suppressed (under Napoleon) from 1811 to 1815 and ceased publication in 1825. The name was revived in 1890 for both a literary review and (in 1894) a publishing house initially linked with the symbolist movement. Since 1995 Mercure de France has been part of the Éditions Gallimard publishing group. ''Mercure de France'' should not be confused with another literary magazine, the ''Mercure du XIXe siècle'' (1823–30). ==The original ''Mercure galant'' and ''Mercure de France''== The ''Mercure galant'' was founded by the writer Jean Donneau de Visé in 1672. The name refers to the god Mercury, the messenger of the gods; the title also echos the ''Mercure françoys'' which was France's first literary gazette, founded in 1611 by the Paris bookseller J. Richer. The magazine's goal was to inform elegant society about life in the court and intellectual/artistic debates; the gazette (which appeared irregularly) featured poems, anecdotes, news (marriages, gossip), theatre and art reviews, songs, and fashion reviews, and it became fashionable (and sometimes scandalous) to be mentioned in its pages. Publication stopped in 1674, but began again as a monthly with the name ''Nouveau Mercure galant'' in 1677. The ''Mercure galant'' was a significant development in the history of journalism (it was the first gazette to report on the fashion world 〔DeJean, page 47〕 and played a pivotal role in the dissemination of news about fashion, luxury goods, etiquette and court life under Louis XIV to the provinces and abroad. In the 1670s, articles on the new season's fashions were also accompanied with engravings 〔DeJean, page 63 〕See this work for an extensive analysis of the Mercure galant's mediatization of styles and fashion The August, 1697 edition contains a detailed description of a popular new puzzle, now known as peg solitaire. This article is the earliest known reference to peg solitaire. The gazette was frequently denigrated by authors of the period. The name ''Mercure galant'' was used by the playwright Edmé Boursault for one of his plays critical of social pretensions; when Donneau de Visé complained, Boursault retitled his play ''Comédie sans titre'' (''Play without a title''). The gazette played an important role in the "Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns", a debate on whether the arts and literature of the 17th century had achieved more than the illustrious writers and artists of antiquity, which would last until the beginning of the eighteenth century. Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle and the ''Mercure galant'' joined the "Moderns". Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux was pushed into the role of champion of the "Anciens", and Jean Racine, Jean de La Fontaine and Jean de La Bruyère (who is famous for a jibe against the gazette: "''le Mercure''... est immédiatement au dessous de rien" (''Mercure''... is immediately below nothing" )) took his defense. The periodical eventually became a financial success and it brought Donneau de Visé comfortable revenues. The ''Mercure de France'' became the uncontested arbiter of French arts and humanities, and it has been called the most important literary journal in prerevolutionary France.〔 〕 Thomas Corneille was a frequent contributor to the gazette. The ''Mercure'' continued to be published after Donneau de Visé's death in 1710. In 1724 its title was changed to ''Mercure de France'' and it developed a semi-official character with a governmentally appointed editor (profits were invested into pensions for writers). Jean-François de la Harpe was the editor in chief for 20 years; he also collaborated with Jacques Mallet du Pan. Other significant editors and contributors include: Marmontel, Raynal, Chamfort and Voltaire. It is on the pages of the May 1734 issue of the ''Mercure de France'' that the term "Baroque" makes its first attested appearance – used (in pejorative way) in an anonymous, satirical review of Jean-Philippe Rameau’s ''Hippolyte et Aricie''. Right before the revolution, management was handed over to Charles-Joseph Panckoucke. During the revolutionary era, the title was changed briefly to ''Le Mercure français''. Napoleon stopped its publication in 1811, but the review was resurrected in 1815. The review was last published in 1825. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mercure de France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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